Historical Dictionary of German Theater (Historical Dictionaries of Literature and the Arts)

By William Grange

Greater than mere leisure, German theater used to be a vital section of culture―often influencing society and politics in German-speaking countries―whose impression progressively reached a lot extra with the emergence of remarkable playwrights like Goethe, Schiller, Hauptmann, and Brecht, in addition to remarkable dramas equivalent to Faust and The Threepenny Opera.

The Historical Dictionary of German Theater covers the sphere of theater functionality within the German language, focusing on German-speaking Europe, via a chronology, a listing of acronyms and abbreviations, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and several other hundred cross-referenced dictionary entries on major playwrights, administrators, manufacturers, designers, actors, performs, theaters, towns, dramatic genres, and activities similar to the Sturm und Drang, Naturalism, and Expressionism.

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06-269 (2) A-G. qxd 30 • 6/13/06 1:53 PM web page 30 BERLINER ENSEMBLE 4 weeks later, officers of the hot republic’s Ministry of well known schooling approved Brecht and Helene Weigel to came upon the Berliner Ensemble. It turned a lavishly backed operation, even though completely depending on “the first peasant and employees’ country on German soil,” because the GDR grandiloquently defined itself. The republic was once financially strapped yet however supplied cash that allowed Brecht extravagantly lengthy sessions to rehearse his performs and to mount only a few new productions in keeping with 12 months. the corporate used to be in place of dwelling on the Deutsches Theater while in June 1953 road riots broke out in Berlin; after Soviet troops quelled the riot, Brecht publicly and enthusiastically supported the regime. As a gift for his loyalty, Brecht and the Berliner Ensemble got an enduring domestic in 1954 on the Theater am Schiffbauerdamm, the place the most advantageous of Brecht and Kurt Weill’s Die Dreigroschenoper (The Threepenny Opera) had taken position in 1928. even though Brecht was once in contract with the regime’s political pursuits, he hostile with equivalent fervor its include of illusionism and Stanislavskian realism. consequently, he usually ran afoul of social gathering dictates and confronted accusations of “formalism,” accusing him of higher curiosity in theatrical shape than in didactic content material. but Brecht attracted the superior expertise on hand in the course of the German-speaking global, who well-known within the corporation a decision to supplant rules and techniques that had held sway within the German theater due to the fact that Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s day. there has been little question within the German theater career that the Berliner Ensemble was once one of the such a lot leading edge wherever. The effect of the corporate all through Europe and the us was once likewise massive, as artists and students started to learn Brecht’s tools within the quite a few Modellbücher the corporate released. those have been profusely illustrated, folio-sized books documenting corporation productions, proposing within the smallest element how the corporate hired Brecht’s equipment. celebration disenchantment persevered, notwithstanding, till Brecht’s demise years later. Weigel persevered to paintings alongside the strains Brecht had stipulated; she had formally been the company’s chief besides, with Brecht only a creative adviser. greater than part the company’s repertoire consisted of Brecht performs and Brecht variations, with Gerhart Hauptmann, Heinrich von Kleist, Molière, and Maxim Gorky comprising many of the leisure. the corporate usually toured Europe and the 06-269 (2) A-G. qxd 6/13/06 1:53 PM web page 31 BERNAUER, RUDOLF • 31 Soviet Union and did residencies in London on events: in 1956 on the Palace Theater and in 1965 on the nationwide. whilst Weigel died in 1971, Ruth Berghaus assumed management of the corporate, yet its gradual decline into predictability appeared inevitable. Manfred Wekwerth changed her in 1977, yet more and more the corporate trusted outdated productions, staging new ones ever much less usually. New actors joined the troupe, yet usually in simple terms as replications of tested performers who had for one cause or one other departed.

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